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Resumo Objetivo Mapear e sumarizar as principais evidências disponíveis sobre a violência por parceiro íntimo contra a mulher parda e preta durante a pandemia COVID-19. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Excerpa Medica DataBASE, PsycINFO - APA PsycNET e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos sobre violência interpessoal contra a mulher parda e preta após o decreto de pandemia COVID-19, perpetrada por parceiro íntimo, publicados a partir de 2020, nos idiomas português, espanhol ou inglês. Excluíram-se editoriais, cartas resposta, retratações e estudos voltados à violência autoprovocada. Foi realizada análise descritiva. Resultados Foram obtidos 26 estudos e após a seleção obteve-se a amostra de oito artigos, publicados entre 2020 e 2022. Os resultados evidenciaram estudos majoritariamente norte-americanos, contudo apontaram para a violência por parceiro íntimo contra a mulher parda e preta como um fenômeno global durante a pandemia. As vítimas apresentavam múltiplas condições de vulnerabilidade e encontraram várias barreiras de acesso aos serviços de saúde e segurança pública, incluindo o racismo. Medidas de prevenção e controle foram escassas e geraram consequências à saúde integral da mulher. Conclusão O fenômeno foi caracterizado como um agravo global durante a pandemia COVID-19. Estratégias de enfrentamento individuais, coletivas e políticas foram criadas pelas vítimas. Políticas públicas de prevenção e controle da violência por parceiro íntimo não foram adequadamente aplicadas em muitos países durante a pandemia.
Resumen Objetivo Mapear y resumir las principales evidencias disponibles sobre la violencia contra mujeres pardas y negras por parte de la pareja íntima durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Se trata de una revisión de alcance en las bases de datos National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Excerpa Medica DataBASE, PsycINFO - APA PsycNET y Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud. Los criterios de inclusión fueron estudios sobre violencia interpersonal contra mujeres pardas y negras después del decreto de pandemia de COVID-19, ejercida por su pareja íntima, publicados a partir de 2020, en idioma portugués, español o inglés. Se excluyeron editoriales, cartas de respuesta, retractaciones y estudios sobre violencia autoprovocada. Se realizó análisis descriptivo. Resultados Se obtuvieron 26 estudios y, después de la selección, se obtuvo una muestra de ocho artículos, publicados entre 2020 y 2022. Los resultados evidenciaron estudios mayormente norteamericanos, pero señalaron que la violencia contra mujeres pardas y negras por parte de su pareja íntima fue un fenómeno global durante la pandemia. Las víctimas presentaron múltiples condiciones de vulnerabilidad y encontraron varias barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud y seguridad pública, inclusive racismo. Las medidas de prevención y control fueron escasas y generaron consecuencias en la salud integral de las mujeres. Conclusión El fenómeno fue caracterizado como un agravio global durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Las estrategias de enfrentamiento individuales, colectivas y políticas fueron creadas por las víctimas. Las políticas públicas de prevención y control de la violencia por parte de pareja íntima no fueron aplicadas adecuadamente en muchos países durante la pandemia. Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/bdsf7/
Abstract Objective To map and summarize the main available evidence on intimate partner violence against brown and black women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a scoping review carried out in the National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Excerpa Medica DataBASE, PsycINFO - APA PsycNET and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences databases. Studies on interpersonal violence against brown and black women after the COVID-19 pandemic decree, perpetrated by an intimate partner, published from 2020 onwards in Portuguese, Spanish or English, were included. Editorials, response letters, retractions and studies focused on self-inflicted violence were excluded. Descriptive analysis was carried out. Results A total of 26 studies were obtained, and after selection, a sample of eight articles was obtained, published between 2020 and 2022. The results showed mostly North American studies, however, they pointed to intimate partner violence against brown and black women as a global phenomenon during the pandemic. The victims presented multiple conditions of vulnerability and encountered several barriers to accessing health and public safety services, including racism. Prevention and control measures were scarce and had consequences for women's overall health. Conclusion The phenomenon was characterized as a global problem during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individual, collective and political coping strategies were created by the victims. Public policies to prevent and control intimate partner violence were not adequately implemented in many countries during the pandemic. Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/bdsf7/
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Specific types of violence such as intimate partner sexual violence and intimate partner homicide occur more frequently in rural areas. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the knowledge and attitudes of rural healthcare providers regarding cases of domestic violence against women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review developed at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. METHODS: We conducted an electronic search of six databases, which only included observational studies, regardless of the year, language, or country of publication, except for studies that used secondary data and were exclusively qualitative. Two reviewers performed the selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using a specific Joanna Briggs Institute tool. RESULTS: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. All the studies had a low risk of bias. Approximately 38% of these professionals identified injuries caused by violence in patients. When asked about knowing the correct attitude to take in cases of confirmed violence, between 12% and 64% of rural healthcare providers answered positively; most of them would refer to specialized institutions and promote victim empowerment and counseling. The number of professionals with an educational background in the field ranged from 16% to 98%. CONCLUSIONS: The evident disparity across studies shows that some professionals have suboptimal knowledge and require training to adopt the correct attitude when identifying female victims of domestic violence in clinical practice. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework Database under the registration http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B7Q6S.
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Introducción. El feminicidio es un problema de salud mundial. América Latina presenta altas tasas, el Perú implementó su legislación, normativas, sanciones penales y programas preventivos; pero las estadísticas y desaparición de las mujeres siguen en aumento. Objetivo. Determinar las características sociodemográficas y personales en los protagonistas del feminicidio. Métodos. Se realizó un diseño descriptivo, de recolección de datos secundarios. Se analizó documentación forense del Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses del Perú constituido por 46 protocolos de necropsia médico legal de víctimas de feminicidio en Lima Metropolitana durante los años 2019 al 2020 e informes periciales físicos y psiquiátricos de los feminicidas. Resultados. El perfil común de las víctimas fue tener 18 a 29 años, soltera, secundaria con un trabajo formal, la causa muerte fue por proyectil de arma de fuego y el lugar de muerte fue en su domicilio. El perfil de los feminicidas incluyó ser esposo/conviviente, con antecedentes policiales, familia disfuncional y tener hijos con la víctima. Conclusión. Se encontraron principales características de víctimas y sus homicidas como la edad, grado de instrucción, el domicilio de la víctima, antecedentes policiales, familias disfuncionales. En caso de los homicidas eran disociales y el argumento del homicidio fueron los celos.
Introduction. Femicide is a global health problem, Latin America presents high rates, Peru has implemented its legislation, regulations, criminal sanctions and preventive programs; but the statistics and disappearance of women continue to rise. Objectives. Determine the sociodemographic and personal characteristics of the protagonists of Femicide. Methods. Forensic documentation from the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Peru was analyzed, consisting of 46 medical legal autopsy protocols for victims of intimate femicide in Metropolitan Lima during the years 2019 to 2020, physical and psychiatric expert reports from the murderers. Descriptive design, census sampling of secondary data collection. Results. The common profile of the victims was to be 18 to 29 years old, single, high school with a formal job and the cause of death was by firearm projectile and the place of death was at his home. The profile of the murderers included being a husband/partner with a police record and a dysfunctional family and have children with the victim. Conclusion. The main characteristics of the victims and their homicides were found, such as age, level of education, the victim's address, police records, dysfunctional families. In the case of the homicides, they were dissocial and the argument for the homicide was jealousy.
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Introducción: La violencia de pareja contra la mujer (VPM) es un problema de salud pública a nivel global cuya prevalencia en Ecuador es de las más elevadas de Latinoamérica. La gravedad percibida de la VPM influye en las actitudes públicas hacia la VPM, como la aceptabilidad, el sentido de responsabilidad personal o la disposición a intervenir en casos de VPM. Método: En este estudio se presenta la adaptación de la escala española de gravedad percibida de la VPM (PS-IPVAW) al contexto cultural ecuatoriano, en una muestra de 652 participantes. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la escala PS-IPVAW tiene una buena consistencia interna, que sus ítems tienen una baja carga de deseabilidad social, que es invariante entre géneros y que se relaciona con la culpabilidad a la víctima, la aceptabilidad de la VPM y el sexismo hostil. Discusión: La escala PS-IPVAW es un instrumento con suficientes evidencias de fiabilidad y validez para evaluar la gravedad percibida de la VPM en Ecuador y representa un importante aporte para mejorar las estrategias de prevención, intervención y erradicación de este tipo de violencia en el contexto ecuatoriano.
Introduction: Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a global public health problem whose prevalence in Ecuador is among the highest in Latin America. The perceived severity of IPV influences public attitudes toward IPVAW, such as acceptability, sense of personal responsibility, or willingness to intervene in cases of IPV. Method: This study presents the adaptation of the Spanish scale of perceived severity of IPVAW (PS-IPVAW) to the Ecuadorian cultural context, in a sample of 652 participants. Results: Our results showed that the PS-IPVAW scale has good internal consistency, its items presented low loadings of social desirability, that it is invariant across genders and that it is related to victim blaming, acceptability of IPV and hostile sexism. Discussion: The PS-IPVAW scale showed adequate evidence.
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Abstract Background: Women are the primary caregivers of children in palliative care. Research has shown that the presence of intimate partner violence at home exacerbates the vulnerability of the caregiver. Current statistics indicate a high prevalence of violence in Mexico present in the intersectionality between intimate partner violence and the role of the primary caregiver. This study aimed to describe the frequency of intimate partner violence among primary palliative caregivers at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study with convenience sampling; no sample calculation was performed. All female primary caregivers of children in the palliative care unit were invited to participate. The Scale of Violence and Index of Severity of Violence was used as the measuring instrument. Results: One hundred women participated in the study by submitting their survey in a designated mailbox. No sociodemographic data or patient diagnoses were collected. The frequency of intimate partner violence was 28%, of which 16% were considered severe cases. Women reported psychological violence (36%), sexual violence (23%), and physical violence (22%). Conclusions: Almost one-third of female primary caregivers of pediatric patients at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez have been victims of some form of violence by current partners. This study highlights a previously unreported problem and opens the door for studies to correlate intimate partner violence among primary caregivers and the quality of life of children in palliative care.
Resumen Introducción: Las mujeres son las principales cuidadoras de los niños en cuidados paliativos. Las investigaciones han demostrado que la violencia de pareja en el hogar exacerba la vulnerabilidad del cuidador. Las estadísticas actuales sobre violencia en México indican una alta prevalencia presente en la interseccionalidad entre la violencia de pareja y el rol de cuidador principal. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la frecuencia de violencia de pareja entre los cuidadores primarios del Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG). Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y prospectivo con muestreo por conveniencia; no se realizó ningún cálculo de muestra. Se invitó a participar a todas las mujeres cuidadoras primarias de niños en la Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos. Se utilizó como instrumento la Escala de Violencia e Índice de Severidad de la Violencia. Resultados: Cien mujeres participaron en el estudio; no se recogieron sus datos sociodemográficos ni diagnósticos. La frecuencia de violencia de pareja fue del 28%: 16% se consideraron casos graves. Las mujeres reportaron violencia psicológica (36%), violencia sexual (23%) y violencia física (22%). Conclusiones: Alrededor de la tercera parte de las mujeres cuidadoras principales de pacientes pediátricos del HIMFG han sido víctimas de algún tipo de violencia por parte de sus parejas actuales. Este estudio destaca un problema no informado previamente y abre la puerta a estudios para correlacionar la violencia de pareja íntima entre los cuidadores primarios y la calidad de vida de los niños en cuidados paliativos.
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Objetivo: analisar a percepção de universitários sobre os atores envolvidos na violência por parceiro(a) íntimo(a). Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa realizada nas casas do estudante da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, no município de Rio Grande/RS. Participaram do estudo, aleatoriamente, quatro estudantes de cada moradia, totalizando 28 participantes. Todos responderam à entrevista individual semiestruturada, realizada em 2019. Resultados: a percepção dos universitários sobre o tema revela o homem como autor da violência e a mulher como vítima, todavia, reconhecem a violência bidirecional. Mencionam a necessidade de cuidar deste homem, que não é monstro nem bom moço. As vítimas são vistas como mulheres indefesas, sem coragem para denunciar. Discorrem ainda sobre a necessidade de uma rede de apoio eficaz e de divulgar mais informações sobre o tema. Considerações finais: a universidade, como instituição formadora, é terreno fértil para transformação do pensamento social e corresponsabilização pelo enfrentamento dessa violência.
Objective: to analyze the perception of university students about the actors involved in intimate partner violence. Method: this is a research with a qualitative approach carried out in the student's homes at the Federal University of Rio Grande, in the city of Rio Grande/RS. Four students from each household participated in the study, totaling 28 participants. All answered the semi-structured individual interview, carried out in 2019. Results: the perception of university students on the subject reveals the man as the perpetrator of violence and the woman as a victim. However, bidirectional violence was also recognized. They talk about the need to take care of this man. Victims are seen as helpless women, lacking the courage to come forward. They also discuss the need for an effective support network and for disseminating more information on the subject. Final considerations: the university, as a training institution, is fertile ground for the transformation of social thinking and co-responsibility for confronting this violence.
Objetivo: analizar la percepción de estudiantes universitarios sobre los actores involucrados en la violencia de pareja íntima. Método: se trata de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo realizada en las residencias estudiantiles de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande, en la ciudad de Rio Grande/RS. Participaron en el estudio cuatro estudiantes de cada hogar, totalizando 28 participantes. Todos respondieron entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas, realizadas en 2019. Resultados: la percepción de los universitarios sobre el tema revela al hombre como autor de la violencia y a la mujer como víctima. Sin embargo, también se reconoció la violencia bidireccional. Mencionan la necesidad de cuidar a este hombre, que no es ni un monstruo ni una buena persona. Perciben a las víctimas como mujeres indefensas, sin coraje para denunciarlo. También discuten la necesidad de una red de apoyo efectiva y de difundir más información sobre el tema. Consideraciones finales: la universidad, como institución formadora, es terreno fértil para cambiar el pensamiento social y promover la corresponsabilidad en la lucha contra esta violencia.
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Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o perfil dos homens autores de violência contra as mulheres na literatura científica brasileira, intencionando auxiliar no direcionamento de práticas socioeducativas das políticas públicas no enfren-tamento desse tipo de violência. O estudo proposto configura uma revisão sistemática realizada por meio dos descritores "violência contra a mulher", "autor de violência", "violência por parceiro íntimo" e "violência doméstica contra a mulher". As bases de dados pesquisadas foram: SciELO, Oasisbr e BVS, compondo a amostra final de 15 artigos. Diante dos estudos que compuseram o estudo, verifica-se características como idade, situação laboral, escolari-dade, uso de álcool e outras drogas, além de histórico de violência familiar. Evidencia-se que o perfil identificado neste artigo apresenta divergências entre pontos das pesquisas nacionais realizadas. Com isso, recomenda-se a formu-lação de um instrumento que uniformize as investigações acerca da temática, assim como a participação ativa de homens autores de violência nas pesquisas. (AU)
This study aims to analyze the profile of men who commit violence against women in Brazilian scientific literature, with the intention of aiding in the development of socio-educational practices within public policies to address this type of violence. The proposed study constitutes a systematic review conducted using the descriptors "violence against women," "perpetrators of violence," "intimate partner violence," and "domestic violence against women." The data-bases searched included SciELO, Oasisbr, and BVS, resulting in a final sample of 15 articles. Based on the studies included in the review, characteristics such as age, employment status, education, and substance use (including alcohol and other drugs), as well as a history of family violence were examined. It is evident that the profile identified in this article presents variations among different national research findings. Consequently, it is recommended to develop an instrument that standardizes investigations on this subject, as well as to actively involve male perpetrators of violence in research. (AU)
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el perfil de los hombres autores de violencia contra las mujeres en la literatura científica brasileña, con la intención de ayudar a orientar las prácticas socioeducativas de las políticas públicas en el tratamiento de este tipo de violencia. El estudio propuesto es una revisión sistemática realizada utilizando los descriptores "violencia contra la mujer", "perpetradores de violencia", "violencia de pareja íntima" y "violencia doméstica contra la mujer". Las bases de datos pesquisadas fueron: SciELO, Oasisbr y BVS, componiendo la muestra final de 15 artículos. En vista de los artículos que integraron el estudio, se verificaron características como edad, situación laboral, escolaridad, uso de alcohol y otras drogas, además de ante-cedentes de violencia familiar. Se evidencia que el perfil identificado en este artículo presenta diferencias entre los puntos de las investigaciones nacionales realizadas. Con esto, se recomienda la formulación de un instrumento que estandarice las investigaciones sobre el tema, así como la participación de hombres perpetradores de violencia en las investigaciones. (AU)
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Humans , Male , Violence Against Women , Intimate Partner Violence , Men/psychology , Spouses/psychology , AggressionABSTRACT
Abstract HIV risk perception and Intimate partner violence (IPV) are related to HIV infection in women. However, there is a lack of information regarding on the association between risk perception and IPV in the Mexican population. This study aimed to identify and characterize subgroups based on their risk perception through the analysis of latent classes and to evaluate the variables associated with HIV risk perception. An online survey was conducted to assess sexual and preventive behavior, HIV risk perception, and intimate partner violence. Three hundred thirty-two women participated; the sampling was for convenience. Two latent classes were identified: a group with risk perception (85%) and one without risk perception (14.6%). The variables associated with the risk perception were a sexual attraction to men, not having a stable partner, perceiving oneself as at risk of acquiring HIV due to sexual behavior, and the presence of IPV. HIV prevention programs for women must address the stigmas related to HIV, such as the idea that the risk only occurs when they have multiple sexual partners, promote accurate HIV risk perception and prevent IPV in all its expressions and contexts.
Resumen En mujeres, la violencia de pareja está relacionada a una mayor probabilidad de adquirir la infección por VIH. De igual forma, una inadecuada percepción de riesgo de adquirir el virus coloca a las mujeres en una situación vulnerable. Existe una falta de información ente la asociación de la VPI y la percepción de riesgo es mujeres mexicanas. Este estudio persiguió dos objetivos: el primero fue identificar y caracterizar subgrupos en función de su percepción de riesgo a través del análisis de clases latentes; el segundo objetivo consistió en evaluar las variables asociadas con la percepción de riesgo de VIH. Se realizó una encuesta en línea para evaluar el comportamiento sexual y preventivo, la percepción del riesgo de VIH y la VP. Participaron 332 mujeres; el muestreo fue por conveniencia. Se identificaron dos clases latentes: un grupo con percepción de riesgo (85%) y otro sin percepción de riesgo (14,6%). Las variables asociadas a la percepción de riesgo fueron atracción sexual por hombres, no tener pareja estable, percibirse en riesgo de adquirir el VIH por la conducta sexual y haber sufrido de violencia de pareja en los últimos seis meses. Se concluye que los programas de prevención del VIH para mujeres deben abordar los estigmas relacionados con el VIH, como la idea de que el riesgo solo ocurre cuando tienen múltiples parejas sexuales, promover una percepción precisa del riesgo del VIH y principalmente, prevenir la VP en todas sus expresiones y contextos; así como también dar atención personalizada a mujeres que ya sufren de violencia de pareja.
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Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la violencia íntima de pareja emocional, física y sexual con el auto reporte de secreción y úlcera genital en mujeres participantes de una encuesta poblacional. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar del Perú, 2021. Los criterios de inclusión fueron tener 15 a 49 años, ser casadas o convivientes, y estar seleccionadas y entrevistadas para el módulo de violencia doméstica. Se estimó la prevalencia de auto reporte de secreción y úlcera genital. La asociación con la violencia íntima de pareja fue realizada mediante regresión logística binaria con la estimación de la razón de momios, considerando el diseño muestral complejo. Resultados: La prevalencia del reporte de úlcera o secreción genital fue 10,0%. La razón de momios para reportar secreción o úlcera genital entre las mujeres que sufrieron violencia física leve comparado con las no expuestas fue 2,25 (IC95%: 1,72 a 2,94), el riesgo incrementó a 3,42 (IC95%; 2,39 a 4,90) entre las mujeres que sufrieron violencia física severa. La razón de momios generada por la exposición a violencia sexual para reportar secreción o úlcera fue mayor (OR: 3,84, IC95%: 2,47 a 5,96). Conclusiones: Las mujeres expuestas a cada uno de los tres tipos de violencia íntima de pareja tuvieron mayor chance de reportar secreción o úlcera genital en los últimos 12 meses. El riesgo se incrementa cuando coexisten la forma física y sexual.
Objective: To assess the association between emotional, physical, and sexual intimate partner violence with self-reported discharge and genital ulcer in women from participants in a population-based survey. Methods: An analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey of Peru, 2021 was performed. Inclusion criteria were 15-49 years of age, married or cohabiting, and selected and interviewed for the domestic violence module. The prevalence of self-reported discharge and genital ulcer was estimated. The association with intimate partner violence was performed by binary logistic regression with odds ratio estimation, considering the complex sample design. Results: The prevalence of reporting genital ulcer or discharge was 10.0%. The odds ratio for reporting genital discharge or ulcer among women who suffered mild physical violence compared with those not exposed was 2.25 (95%CI: 1.72-2.94), the risk increased to 3.42 (95%CI: 2.39-4.90) among women who suffered severe physical violence. The odds ratio generated by exposure to sexual violence for reporting discharge or ulcer was higher (odds ratio: 3.84, 95% CI: 2.47-5.96). Conclusions: Women exposed to each of the three types of intimate partner violence had a higher chance of reporting genital discharge or ulcer in the last 12 months. The risk increases when physical and sexual violence coexist.
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Abstract Introduction There is a growing need to implement evidence-based psychological treatments for women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) who commonly experience stress-related disorders such as anxiety, depression, or suicide risk, as well as altered cortisol reactivity. Objective 1. To compare the changes in depressive and anxious symptomatology, quality of life, and cortisol reactivity after two different interventions, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT, based on psychological flexibility) or Interpersonal Therapy (IPT, based on empowerment) in women exposed to IPV. 2. To compare the changes in relation to the presence of suicide thoughts. Method A clinical sample of 50 women (ages 21-74) randomly assigned to attend ACT or IPT, completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires about intimate partner violence, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and measurements of salivary cortisol reactivity (basal, 15, 30, and 45 minutes after a cognitive challenge). We used Generalized Estimating Equation Models for data analysis. Results There was a significant improvement post-intervention in all variables, regardless of the type of psychotherapy or the presence of suicide thoughts. Before interventions, women that reported suicide thoughts had severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, worse quality of life, and a cortisol hyper-response profile, in contrast to women without suicide thoughts who had moderate symptoms and no cortisol response. Cortisol response to the cognitive test decreased in all women after both therapies. Discussion and conclusion Although different psychological approach, ACT, and IPT effectively improved mental health, quality of life, and changed cortisol reactivity of women exposed to IPV, including women at suicide risk.
Resumen Introducción Son necesarios tratamientos basados en evidencia para mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja (IPV), con trastornos relacionados con estrés como ansiedad, depresión y riesgo suicida y alteraciones en la reactividad del cortisol. Objetivo Comparar los cambios en la sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa, calidad de vida y reactividad del cortisol después de aplicar Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT, basada en la flexibilidad psicológica) o Terapia Interpersonal (IPT, basada en el empoderamiento) en mujeres expuestas a IPV y compararlos en función al pensamiento suicida. Método Una muestra clínica de 50 mujeres (entre 21 y 74 años) fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a recibir ACT o IPT, completaron antes y después, cuestionarios sobre IPV, calidad de vida, depresión y ansiedad, y mediciones de cortisol (basal, 15, 30 y 45 minutos después de un reto cognitivo) en saliva en respuesta a un reto cognitivo. Utilizamos modelos de Ecuaciones de Estimación generalizada para analizar los datos. Resultados Mejoraron significativamente todas las variables, independientemente del tipo de psicoterapia y del pensamiento suicida. Antes de la intervención, las mujeres con ideación suicida presentaron depresión y ansiedad severas, peor calidad de vida e hiper-respuesta de cortisol, en contraste con las mujeres sin ideación, quienes presentaron síntomas moderados y una respuesta de cortisol plana. El cortisol disminuyó en todas las mujeres después de ambas terapias. Discusión y conclusión Ambas terapias IPT y ACT mejoraron la salud mental y calidad de vida de las mujeres con IPV y modificaron la reactividad del cortisol, incluyendo a las pacientes que reportaron ideación suicida.
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La violencia de género física y/o sexual afecta a más del 30 % de las mujeres del mundo y Chile, impactando la salud de todos. Tanto la Organización Mundial de la Salud, como la literatura, sugieren abordar esta problemática desde la salud pública, con énfasis en sus trabajadores. Los odontólogos tendrían un especial rol, debido a la ubicación de éste tipo de lesiones y mayor exposición. Mas, no consideran pertinencia frente a la problemática y su abordaje es deficiente. Nuestro objetivo es conocer cómo los odontólogos de Chile perciben y abordan este tipo de casos, mediante un estudio descriptivo y transversal a odontólogos suscritos a las redes sociales del Colegio de Cirujanos Dentistas de Chile, previa aprobación de su directiva 2021 y del Comité de Ética de la Facultad de Odontología UdeC (C.E.C. Nº19/21). Bajo consentimiento informado, se aplicó una encuesta sociodemográfica sobre la percepción y abordaje de los odontólogos frente a casos de violencia física contra la mujer en contexto de Violencia Intrafamiliar/ Compañero íntimo. Participaron 175 dentistas. El 53 % ha encontrado estos casos durante el ejercicio profesional y más del 80 % percibe un rol activo frente a la problemática. Sin embargo, el 74 % presenta dificultad en la detección de lesiones y el 78 % en la derivación a redes de apoyo. El 91 % no recibió formación al respecto durante el pregrado, pero les interesa adquirir mayores conocimientos. Los dentistas de Chile se encuentran expuestos a este tipo de casos y perciben un rol activo. Sin embargo, presentan dificultad en su detección y abordaje y podrían beneficiarse de formación adicional al respecto.
Physical and/or sexual gender violence affects more than 30 % of women in the world and in Chile, impacting everyone's health. Both, WHO and the literature, suggest addressing this problem from public health, with an emphasis on its workers. Dentists would have a special role, due to the location of this type of injury and greater exposure. But, they do not consider relevance and their approach is deficient. Our objective is to know how dentists in Chile perceive and approach this type of case. Descriptive and cross-sectional study of dentists subscribed to College of Dental Surgeons of Chile´s social networks, prior approval of its 2021 directive and the Ethics Committee of the UdeC School of Dentistry (C.E.C. Nº19/21). Under informed consent, a sociodemographic survey was applied on the perception and approach of dentists in cases of physical violence against women in the context of Domestic Violence/ Intimate Partner. 175 dentists participated. 53 % have encountered these cases during professional practice and more than 80 % perceive an active role in dealing with the problem. However, 74 % have difficulty in detecting injuries and 78 % in referral to support networks. 91 % did not receive training in this regard during undergraduate studies, but are interested in acquiring more knowledge. Chilean dentists are exposed to this type of cases and perceive an active role. However, they are difficult to detect and treat and could benefit from additional training in this regard.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Violence Against Women , Perception , Chile/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Surveys and Questionnaires , Domestic Violence , Dentists/psychology , Dentist's Role/psychologyABSTRACT
Introdução:A violência doméstica, um fenômenoconstante na vida de muitas mulheres, possui dimensões globais. Esse infortúnio que assombra o sistema de saúde se intensificou ainda mais com as medidas de restrição social e o confinamento das vítimas com seus agressores por um longo período, no cenário de pandemia da Covid-19. Objetivo:Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar a conduta dos cirurgiões-dentistas frente à violência contra a mulher, por meio de uma revisão integrativa.Metodologia:A busca dos estudos foi realizada nas plataformas de bancos de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e da National Library of Medicine. Foram selecionados os textos completos, disponíveis em português, referentes aos últimos cinco anos (2017-2022) e utilizando os descritores "Violência contra as mulheres", "Saúde bucal", "Autoimagem" e "Traumatismos da Face", combinados com o operador booleano "and". Resultados:Foram recuperados 51 estudos, dos quais utilizaram-se 13, pois esses satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, demonstrando que o tema de maior destaque foi a violência contra a mulher associada com a autoestima, autoimagem e predominantemente estudos transversais. Observou-se que o impacto emocional ultrapassa os danos físicos provenientes da violência contra a mulher. A face, principalmente a boca, é a área mais afetada pela violência doméstica. O uso do álcool e de drogas pelos agressores aumentam as chances de violência contra a mulher. Ainda, os dados encontrados não contemplaram completamente a indagação sobre o papel do cirurgião-dentista diante do acolhimento das vítimas da violência doméstica. Conclusões:Os cirurgiões-dentistas como profissionais de saúde, inseridos diariamente no manejo das lesões de cabeça e pescoço, fazem parte do acolhimento das vítimas de violência doméstica e devem estarcapacitadosno cuidado integral à saúdepara lidar com as demandas necessárias (AU).
Introduction:Domestic violence, a constant phenomenonin the lives of many women, has global dimensions. Social distancing measures and house confinement of victims with their aggressors for long periods in the scenario of the Covid-19 pandemic has further escalated this misfortune with which the health systemhas to deal. Objective:This study sought to identify the attitudes of dental surgeons towards violence against women through an integrative review.Methodology:A search of studies was conducted in the Virtual Health Library and National Library of Medicine databases. The descriptors "Violence against women", "Oral health", "Self-image" and "Facial trauma" were used, combined with the Boolean operator "AND". Full texts available in Portuguese published in the last five years (2017-2022) were selected.Results:Fifty-one studies were retrieved and 13 were selected after application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were predominantly cross-sectional studies and showed that the most prominent theme was violence against women associated with self-esteem andself-image. It was observed that the emotional impact goes beyond the physical damage resulting from violence against women. The face, especially the mouth, is the area most affected by domestic violence. The use of alcohol and drugs by aggressors increases the chances of violence against women. The data found did not fully cover the question about the role of dental surgeons in the support for victims of domestic violence. Conclusions:As health professionals involved with daily management of cases of head and neck injuries, dental surgeons have a role in the care and support for victims of domestic violence and must be trained in comprehensive health care to deal with the necessary demands (AU).
Introducción: La violencia doméstica, un fenómeno constante en la vida de muchas mujeres, tiene dimensiones globales. Esta desgracia que acecha al sistema de salud se ha recrudecido aún más con las medidas de restricción social y el confinamiento de las víctimas con sus agresores durante un largo periodo en el escenario de la pandemia del Covid-19. Objetivo: Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar el comportamiento de los odontólogos frente a la violencia contra la mujer. Metodología: La búsqueda de estudios se realizó en las plataformas de bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina. Fueron seleccionados textos completos, disponibles en portugués, referidos a los últimos cinco años (2017-2022) y utilizando los descriptores "Violencia contra la mujer", "Salud bucal", "Autoimagen" y "Trauma facial", combinado con el operador booleano "AND". Resultados: Fueron recuperados 51 estudios, de los cuales 13 fueron utilizados, ya que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, demostrando que el tema más destacado fue la violencia contra la mujer asociada a la autoestima, la autoimagen y estudios predominantemente transversales. Se observó que el impacto emocional va más allá del daño físico derivado de la violencia contra las mujeres. La cara, especialmente la boca, es la zona más afectada por la violencia doméstica. El uso de alcohol y drogas por parte de los agresores aumenta las posibilidades de violencia contra las mujeres. Aun así, los datos encontrados no contemplaron en su totalidad la pregunta sobre el papel del odontólogo en la acogida de víctimas de violencia doméstica.Conclusiones: Los cirujanos dentistas como profesionales de la salud, insertos cotidianamente en el manejo de traumatismos de cabeza y cuello, forman parte del cuidado de víctimas de violencia doméstica y deben estar capacitados en atención integral de salud para hacer frente a las demandas necesarias (AU).
Subject(s)
Dentists , Violence Against Women , Facial Injuries , COVID-19 , Oral Health , Cross-Sectional Studies/methodsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Revisar los estudios sobre violencia en el noviazgo (VN) de jóvenes, desarrollados en Colombia y América Latina (2016-2020), para dar cuenta de sus características metodológicas y principales hallazgos. Metodología: La búsqueda de artículos sobre VN se realizó en siete bases de datos y aquellos debían cumplir los siguientes criterios de inclusión: 1) muestra de jóvenes, 2) estudio realizado en Colombia o en otro país latinoamericano, y 3) publicados entre 2016 y 2020. Se clasifican los estudios teniendo en cuenta su metodología. Resultados: Se incluyeron 38 artículos, de los cuales 23 cumplieron con los criterios de análisis: 13 de Colombia, 4 de México, 4 de Brasil, 2 de Chile y 1 en Argentina. Solo 3 de 23 artículos utilizaron metodología mixta, dos en Brasil y uno en Colombia; el resto utilizó metodología cuantitativa. Se describe cómo se ha conceptualizado la VN y se clasifican los estudios en hallazgos epidemiológicos, estudios instrumentales y estudios sobre las creencias de los/as jóvenes sobre VN, clasificación dada por el objetivo de la investigación. Conclusiones: Conocer cómo se conceptualiza la VN y las prevalencias de la VN en jóvenes para entenderla en el contexto Latinoamericano resulta fundamental para prevenir este problema. Los hallazgos presentados en este artículo pueden servir de insumo para las instituciones y organizaciones sociales, para comprender la violencia en el noviazgo y generar herramientas para su prevención.
Objective: To review the studies on dating violence (dv) of young people, developed in Colombia and Latin America (2016-2020), to account for their methodological characteristics and main findings. Methodology: The search for articles on vn was carried out in seven databases and those had to meet the following inclusion criteria: 1) sample of young people, 2) study carried out in Colombia or in another Latin American country, and 3) published between 2016 and 2020. Studies are classified taking into account their methodology. Results: 38 articles were included, of which 23 met the analysis criteria: 13 from Colombia, 4 from Mexico, 4 from Brazil, 2 from Chile, and 1 from Argentina. Only 3 of 23 articles used mixed methodology, two in Brazil and one in Colombia; the rest used quantitative methodology. It describes how vn has been conceptualized and studies are classified into epidemiological findings, instrumental studies, and studies on young people's beliefs about vn, classification given by the objective of the research. Conclusions: Knowing how vn is conceptualized and the prevalence of vn in young people to understand it in the Latin American context is essential to prevent this problem. The findings presented in this article can serve as an input for social institutions and organizations to understand dating violence and generate tools for its prevention.
Objetivo: Revisar os estudos sobre violência no namoro (dv) de jovens, desenvolvidos na Colômbia e na América Latina (2016-2020), para dar conta de suas características metodológicas e principais achados. Metodologia: A busca de artigos sobre vn foi realizada em sete bases de dados e os mesmos deveriam atender aos seguintes critérios de inclusão: 1) amostra de jovens, 2) estudo realizado na Colômbia ou em outro país latino-americano e 3) publicado entre 2016 e 2020. Os estudos são classificados de acordo com sua metodologia. Resultados: foram incluídos 38 artigos, dos quais 23 atenderam aos critérios de análise: 13 da Colômbia, 4 do México, 4 do Brasil, 2 do Chile e 1 da Argentina. Apenas 3 dos 23 artigos utilizaram metodologia mista, dois no Brasil e um na Colômbia; o restante utilizou metodologia quantitativa. Descreve como o vn foi conceituado e os estudos são classificados em achados epidemiológicos, estudos instrumentais e estudos sobre as crenças dos jovens sobre o vn, classificação dada pelo objetivo da pesquisa. Conclusões: Saber como vn é conceituado e a prevalência de vn em jovens para entendê-lo no contexto latino-americano é essencial para prevenir esse problema. Os achados apresentados neste artigo podem servir de subsídio para que instituições e organizações sociais compreendam a violência no namoro e gerem ferramentas para sua prevenção.Palavras-chave: América Latina, Colômbia, violência de gênero, violência por parceiro íntimo, violência no namoro.
ABSTRACT
Resumen A pesar de que la violencia de pareja íntima (VPI) presenta en la mujer una variedad de síntomas evidenciables, varios de los actores involucrados en el sistema de salud no cuentan con mecanismos de evaluación temprana, ni de reconocimiento de los tipos de secuelas psicológicas, entre los que se incluye una diversa sintomatología psicofisiológica. Con el objetivo de conocer las características de somatización, ansiedad y depresión en mujeres víctimas de VPI, como parte de una investigación macro de corte transversal no experimental de campo, se realizó el presente estudio cuantitativo correlacional a través de las variables del Inventario de Evaluación de la Personalidad (PAI). Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a análisis estadístico con métodos descriptivos e inferenciales. La muestra consta de 50 mujeres de la población de víctimas de VPI de la sierra ecuatoriana. Los resultados obtenidos son bastante contradictorios en cuanto al bajo porcentaje de mujeres con afectación típica relacionada con este tipo de violencia, en comparación con los datos presentados por otros autores sobre los niveles de somatización, ansiedad y depresión en ellas. A pesar de esto, se obtuvieron tres factores independientes presentes en esta muestra: trastorno ansioso-depresivo, con elementos de estrés postraumático; trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, con elementos de ansiedad, y quejas somáticas. Al momento de finalizar este estudio, se puede concluir que el PAI, sin su validación previa en esta población, no muestra una idoneidad suficiente para evaluar mujeres víctimas de VPI en el Ecuador. Se recomiendan nuevas investigaciones en otras muestras, en las que se utilicen diversos esquemas empíricos que incluyan varios instrumentos y medios cualitativos.
Abstract Various studies have noticed that women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) also report having various types of health-related problems. However, health systems do not appear to have established procedures to recognize these problems (i. e., psychophysiological) in women. This study assessed somatic symptoms, anxiety, and depressive characteristics in women who have been victims of IPV. These symptoms were assessed using the scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). The sample consisted of 50 women victims of IPV from the Ecuadorian sierra. Group participants came from two different cities: the first group included 28 women victims of IPV from Riobamba. Their ages ranged from 15 to 58. These women were receiving psychological services from a not-for-profit organization in the city. The second group included 22 women with similar characteristics between the ages of 27-63. This group of women came from the southern regions of Quito, the capital city of Ecuador. Women in this group were receiving services from two different places offering help to women experiencing IPV. Sixteen percent of women reported having a medium level of "anxiety" (some level of stress), and 14 % reported having a high level of tension and stress. Thirty-four percent of women reported medium levels of "anxiety-related disorders". These women reported having specific fears, little confidence in themselves and negative perspectives of their future. Sixteen percent of the women reported high levels of anxiety. They reported imitations in daily life (i. e., specific fears and feelings of insecurity in social situations). Thirty percent of women reported having medium levels of "depression" (sensitivity, pessimism, and feeling unhappy part of the time). Eighteen percent of women reported having high levels of "depression" (notable unhappiness and dysphoria). Forty-four percent of women in this study reported having some type of physical problem. These findings suggest that women who are victims of IPV could benefit from receiving mental health services aimed at managing their tension, stress, specific fears, and symptoms of depression. They also suggest that women victims of IPV could benefit from receiving training to increase their social competency and medical assistance to address their somatic complaints. Findings in this study are somewhat divergent from the results observed in previous investigations. Previous studies identified that most women who experienced IPV report symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, in this study, only a relatively low percentage of women reported having these symptoms. The sole utilization of the PAI as a method of evaluation may not have been sufficient to identify these symptoms. These results suggest the importance of using qualitative methods (i. e., clinical interview) or more holistic methodologies (i. e., clinical interview and tests) to better assess mental health symptoms in this group of women. It is also possible that the PAI might not be the most adequate tool to assess these symptoms in this population. The results of this investigation do reveal the importance of evaluating other mental health symptoms in women victims of IPV: post-traumatic stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Future studies should focus on assessing these symptoms using other assessment methodologies (e. g. instruments designed to assess post-traumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorder). The efficiency of health systems evaluations and interventions depends on the methodologies used to assess problems. The sole use of one instrument such as the PAI may not provide sufficient information about symptoms experienced by women experiencing IPV. Health systems should use batteries of instruments in conjunction with the clinical interviewing processes to readily assess symptoms. However, such an alternative may not be entirely feasible taking into account that such methodology requires more time and likely financial support to acquire tests.
ABSTRACT
Abstract: Health professionals are often the first to detect abuse. Intimate partner aggression can be approached by studying the personality of the aggressor. From this perspective, dark personality and the use of moral disengagement mechanisms are two key variables. In this study, information was collected from 348 individuals, mostly women, and a questionnaire was applied to determine what their sexual behavior was like with their partner. The Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) test was used to identify dark personality and the Propensity to Moral Disengagement to identify moral disengagement. Data were collected via Google forms and multivariate decision tree analysis (CHAID growth method) was performed. Results show that men score higher on the variables of dark personality variables and use of moral disengagement mechanisms than on the three variables that, along with sex, increase the presence of dark personality and moral disengagement mechanisms: infidelity, pornography consumption, and maintaining homosexual relationships. Infidelity and pornography consumption are characteristics present in all dimensions of dark personality. Moreover, these three variables are defining characteristics of relationships with high sadism scores. Nursing staff are possibly able to detect the presence of these variables in aggressors and thus initiate a process of victim protection. Therefore, this study proposes that nursing staff should be trained to perform this detection.
Resumen: Los profesionales de la salud son a menudo los primeros en detectar abusos. La agresión en la pareja íntima se puede abordar a partir del estudio de la personalidad del agresor. Desde esta perspectiva, la personalidad oscura y el uso de mecanismos de desconexión moral son las dos variables principales. Para ello, se recopiló información de 348 personas, casi todas mujeres, y se les aplicó un cuestionario para determinar el comportamiento de la pareja íntima: la prueba Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) para identificar la personalidad oscura y la escala Propensity to Moral Disengagement. Los datos se recopilaron a través de formularios de Google y se aplicó el análisis estadístico multivariado del árbol de decisión. Los resultados muestran cómo los hombres obtienen puntajes más altos en las variables de personalidad oscura y en el uso de mecanismos de desconexión moral. Además, la infidelidad, el consumo de pornografía, el mantenimiento de las relaciones homosexuales, la infidelidad y el consumo de pornografía se asocian con el logro de puntajes más altos en personalidad oscura y desconexión moral. Además, el mantenimiento de las relaciones homosexuales junto con la infidelidad y el consumo de pornografía son características que definen las relaciones con altas puntuaciones de sadismo cotidiano. Se estima que el equipo de enfermería puede detectar la presencia de estas variables en los agresores y así iniciar un proceso de protección a la víctima. Se propone formar al personal de enfermería para llevar a cabo esta detección.
Resumo: Os profissionais de saúde são, muitas vezes, os primeiros a detectar abusos. A agressão por parceiro íntimo pode ser abordada a partir do estudo da personalidade do agressor. Nessa perspectiva, a personalidade sombria e o uso de mecanismos de desengajamento moral são as duas principais variáveis. Para isso, foram coletadas informações de 348 pessoas, quase todas mulheres, e aplicou-lhes um questionário para determinar o comportamento do parceiro íntimo: o teste Short Dark Tetrad para identificar personalidade sombria e a escala Propensity to Moral Disengagement. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulários do Google e a análise estatística multivariada em árvore de decisão foi aplicada. Os resultados mostram como os homens obtêm escores mais altos nas variáveis de personalidade sombria e no uso de mecanismos de desengajamento moral. Além disso, infidelidade, consumo de pornografia, manutenção de relacionamentos homossexuais, infidelidade e consumo de pornografia estão associados à obtenção de escores mais altos em personalidade sombria e desengajamento moral. Além disso, a manutenção de relacionamentos homossexuais, juntamente com a infidelidade e o consumo de pornografia, são características que definem relacionamentos com altos escores de sadismo cotidiano. Estima-se que a equipe de enfermagem possa detectar a presença dessas variáveis nos agressores e, assim, iniciar um processo de proteção à vítima. Propõe-se que a equipe de enfermagem possa ser treinada para realizar essa detecção.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between child exposure to intimate partner violence (CEIPV) committed against their mother and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in school-age children. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out that evaluated 626 mother-child pairs living in a poor urban area in the Northeast of Brazil. The mothers were asked about their children's exposure to intimate partner violence. Holden's classification was used, which investigates ten types of CEIPV from prenatal care. The number of exposures, age of onset, and the perpetrator of the exposure were also verified. The FGIDs in children were identified from the mother's responses to the questionnaire about pediatric gastrointestinal symptoms, Roma III version parent-report, translated and cross-culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese. Results: FGIDs were more frequent among children exposed to violence than those not exposed (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.04-2.58; p = 0.03). Likewise, in children who suffered four or more types of exposure (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.10-2.96; p = 0.01), in which the exposure started in the first two years of life (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.08-3.47; p = 0.02) and in those whose biological father was the perpetrator of the violence (OR; 1.62; 95% CI: 1, 05-2.48; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Corroborating the proposal of the biopsychosocial model, CEIPV increases the chance of occurrence of FGIDs in school-age children. Therefore, early identification and proposals for appropriate interventions are suggested both for the prevention of CEIPV and for the prevention and follow-up of FGIDs.
ABSTRACT
A violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) consiste em atos que ameacem causar ou efetivamente causem danos em um parceiro dentro de uma relação afetivo-sexual, independente da configuração ou tempo do relacionamento ou de haver coabitação ou não entre as partes. Nas relações homossexuais, a VPI é invisibilizada de diversas maneiras, mesmo sendo reconhecida como uma grave violação de direitos humanos. O estudo objetivou compreender os significados da VPI para um grupo de homens que se relacionam com homens (HRH). Participaram da pesquisa oito HRH, selecionados através da técnica "bola de neve", utilizada devido à sensibilidade do tema, considerando os estigmas de ser HRH. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevista semiestruturada e foram analisados pela Análise Temática. Como resultados, foram construídas seis categorias: 1º) O armário; 2º) Homofobia 3º) Racismo, poder e vulnerabilidade a VPI; 4º) Sexualidade; 5º) Infidelidade; 6º) HIV, que discutem a interseccionalidade de diversas formas de opressão na produção de VPI entre HRH. Conclui-se que a VPI vivenciada por esse grupo é influenciada por diversos fatores que envolvem a interseccionalidade de vários marcadores sociais, como os estereótipos de masculinidade em relação a hipersexualização e infidelidade, a homofobia como fator direto do estresse minoritário, o racismo que hierarquiza os corpos e invisibiliza o afeto de homens negros, e o estigma de HIV no imaginário social.(AU)
Intimate partner violence (IPV) consists of acts that threaten to harm or actually harm to a partner within an affective-sexual relationship, regardless of the configuration or duration of the relationship or whether or not there is cohabitation between the parties. In homosexual relationships, IPV is made invisible in several ways, even though it is recognized as a serious violation of human rights. The study aimed to understand the meanings of IPV for a group of men in same sex relationships (MSSR). Eight MSSR participated in the research, selected by snowball sampling, used due to the topic's sensitivity, considering the stigmas involved in being MSSR. Data were constructed via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Thematic Analysis. As a result, six categories were constructed: 1) The closet persons; 2) Homophobia; 3) Racism, power, and vulnerability to IPV; 4) Sexuality; 5) Infidelity; 6) HIV, which discuss the intersectionality of various forms of oppression in the production of IPV among MSSR. Thus, the IPV experienced by this group is influenced by several factors that involve the intersectionality between different social markers, such as stereotypes of masculinity in relation to hypersexualization and infidelity, homophobia as a direct factor of minority stress, the racism that hierarchizes bodies and makes the affection of Black men and the stigma of HIV invisible in the social imaginary.(AU)
La violencia de pareja (VP) consiste en actos que amenazan con causar o de hecho causan daño a una pareja dentro de una relación afectivo-sexual, independientemente de la configuración o duración de la relación o de si existe o no cohabitación entre las partes. En las relaciones homosexuales, la VP se invisibiliza de varias formas, a pesar de que se reconoce como una grave violación de los derechos humanos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender los significados de VP para un grupo de hombres que se relacionan con hombres (HRH). Ocho HRH participaron de la investigación, seleccionados mediante la técnica de "bola de nieve", utilizada debido a la sensibilidad del tema, considerando los estigmas de ser HRH. Los datos se construyeron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y se sometieron a análisis temático. Como resultado se construyeron seis categorías: 1.ª) El armario; 2.º) Homofobia; 3.º) Racismo, poder y vulnerabilidad a la VP; 4.º) Sexualidad; 5.º) Infidelidad; 6.ª) HIV; que discuten la interseccionalidad de diferentes formas de opresión en la producción de VP entre HRH. Se concluye que la VP vivida por este grupo está influida por varios factores que involucran la interseccionalidad entre distintos marcadores sociales, como los estereotipos de masculinidad en relación con la hipersexualización y la infidelidad, la homofobia como factor directo de estrés minoritario, el racismo que jerarquiza cuerpos e invisibiliza en el imaginario social el afecto de los hombres negros y el estigma del HIV en el imaginario social.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Power, Psychological , Marriage , Masculinity , Intimate Partner Violence , Psychological Distress , Men , Paraphilic Disorders , Prejudice , Primary Health Care , Psychology , Rape , Rejection, Psychology , Self Concept , Sexual Behavior , Sex Offenses , Shame , Social Problems , Spouse Abuse , Awareness , Therapeutics , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Family , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Mental Health , Prevalence , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Sexual Harassment , Condoms , Interview , Domestic Violence , Homosexuality, Male , Hazards , Safe Sex , Dangerous Behavior , Aggression , Racial Groups , Dependency, Psychological , Unsafe Sex , Diagnosis , Alcoholism , Erotica , Family Conflict , Family Relations , Fear , Pleasure , Social Stigma , Sexual Health , Racism , Sexism , Social Marginalization , Criminal Behavior , Defamation , Social Oppression , Sexual Vulnerability , Androcentrism , Gender Stereotyping , Embarrassment , Emotional Abuse , Gender Equity , Genital Diseases , Family Structure , Guilt , Handling, Psychological , Homicide , Hostility , JealousyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic airway disease that affects 339 million people worldwide. It is a heterogeneous disease with different risks, including in family environments, where intimate partner violence occurs. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the possible association between psychosocial factors and asthma control in adults exposed to intimate partner violence. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a Brazilian public higher education institution in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: The study population consisted of adults clinically diagnosed with severe asthma and those with mild/moderate asthma identified at an asthma referral outpatient clinic. The sample comprised 492 participants who underwent clinical evaluation and completed questionnaires to assess asthma control, depression, stress, and resilience. The Conflict Tactics Scale, which measures tactics for managing marital conflicts, was used to estimate the level of intimate partner violence. RESULTS: Of the 492 participants, 76.2% were women and 91% self-referenced color black/brown, 37.8% reported low family income, 87.4% reported low education level, 71.7% reported high stress, 32.5% reported low resilience, 18.5% reported moderate or severe depression, 83.3% reported resolute negotiation, 49.4% reported major psychological aggression, 19.6% reported major physical aggression, 15.5% reported major injury, and 7.3% reported major sexual coercion. Regression analysis revealed that sex was an effect modifier. CONCLUSION: Women in situations of social vulnerability, with low income and poor education, with depression, severe asthma, and those who used aggression to resolve marital conflicts had a profile associated with a lack of asthma control.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the association between intimate partner physical violence (IPPV) and inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG). Methods: cross-sectional study composed of 554 women who attended four Basic Health Units in the city of Rio de Janeiro between 2005 and 2009. The GWG was calculated through the difference between the final weight of pregnancy and pre-gestational weight. For the measurement of IPPV, the Portuguese version of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-1) was used. Data analysis was based on multinomial logistic regression models, estimating odds ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals for associations between the variables of interest. Results: the prevalence of minor and severe IPPV was 31.6% and 16.3%, respectively. Almost two-thirds of the women had insufficient or excessive GWG. After adjusting the model, it was observed that the presence of IPPV increased by 1.66 (CI95%=1.05-2.64) times the chances of insufficient GWG, compared to couples who did not experience this type of violence. Concerning the excessive GWG, the associations with IPPV were not statistically significant. Conclusion: women who experience IPPV in their relationships are more likely to have insufficient GWG during pregnancy. From this perspective, prenatal care becomes an essential service for screening domestic violence and its possible repercussions.
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre violência física entre parceiros íntimos (VFPI) e o ganho de peso gestacional (GPG) inadequado. Métodos: estudo seccional composto por 554 mulheres que compareceram a quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro, entre 2005 e 2009. O GPG foi calculado através da diferença entre o peso final da gestação e o peso pré-gestacional. Para a mensuração da VFPI foi utilizada a versão em português da Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-1). A análise dos dados se baseou em modelos de regressão logística multinomial, estimando-se razões de chance e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança para as associações entre as variáveis de interesse. Resultados: a prevalência de VFPI menor e grave foi 31,6% e 16,3%, respectivamente. Quase dois terços das mulheres apresentaram GPG insuficiente ou excessivo. Após o ajuste do modelo, observou-se que a presença de VFPI aumentou em 1,66 (IC95%=1,05-2,64) vezes as chances de GPG insuficiente, em comparação aos casais que não vivenciaram este tipo de violência. Em relação ao GPG excessivo as associações com VFPI não foram estatisticamente significantes. Conclusões: mulheres que vivenciam a VFPI têm maiores chances de apresentarem GPG insuficiente. Nessa perspectiva, o pré-natal passa a ser um serviço fundamental para o rastreamento de violência doméstica e suas possíveis repercussões.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Prenatal Care , Preconception Care , Domestic Violence , Intimate Partner Violence/statistics & numerical data , Gestational Weight Gain , Brazil , Health Centers , Maternal and Child Health , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo Analisar os casos notificados de violência interpessoal contra as mulheres no estado do Espírito Santo. Métodos Estudo analítico, do tipo transversal, em que foram analisados os casos notificados de violência contra a mulher no período de 2011 a 2018 no Espírito Santo. Os dados que foram analisados neste estudo são resultantes das Fichas de Notificação/Investigação de Violência Interpessoal e Autoprovocada provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio do teste de Qui-quadrado e regressão de Poisson, utilizando o software Stata 14.1, sendo considerados significativos valores de p menores que 0,05. Resultados A notificação de violência interpessoal no sexo feminino representou frequência de 74,9% (n=20.449; IC95%: 74,4-75,4). Foi observado que crianças e idosas apresentaram 35% mais prevalência desse agravo comparada aos adolescentes. Há maior frequência desse fenômeno entre pessoas de cor preta / parda (RP: 1,07; IC95%:1,05-1,08) comparada àquelas de cor branca. Quanto às características do agressor verifica-se maior prevalência na faixa etária de 25 anos e mais (RP: 1,09; IC95%: 1,06-1,11), do sexo masculino (RP: 3,02; IC95%: 2,88-3,17) e sob suspeita de uso de álcool no momento da agressão (IC95%: 1,05-1,08). Em relação ao evento, nota-se uma frequência 1,28 vezes maior em via pública. Conclusão Fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e experiências pessoais de violência influenciam a ocorrência do fenômeno.
Resumen Objetivo Analizar los casos notificados de violencia interpersonal contra mujeres en el estado de Espírito Santo. Métodos Estudio analítico, tipo transversal, en el que se analizaron los casos notificados de violencia contra la mujer en el período de 2011 a 2018 en Espírito Santo. Los datos que fueron analizados en este estudio son resultantes de las Fichas de Notificación/Investigación de Violencia Interpersonal y Autoprovocada provenientes del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación (SINAN). Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron mediante la prueba χ2 de Pearson y regresión de Poisson, con el uso del software Stata 14.1, donde se consideraron significativos valores de p menores que 0,05. Resultados La notificación de violencia interpersonal en el sexo femenino representó una frecuencia de 74,9 % (n=20.449; IC95 %: 74,4-75,4). Se observó que niñas y adultas mayores presentan un 35 % más de prevalencia de este agravio, comparadas con adolescentes. Existe una mayor frecuencia de este fenómeno en personas de color negro / pardo (RP: 1,07; IC95 %:1,05-1,08), comparadas con las de color blanco. Respecto a las características del agresor, se verificó mayor prevalencia en el grupo de edad de 25 años o más (RP: 1,09; IC95 %: 1,06-1,11), de sexo masculino (RP: 3,02; IC95 %: 2,88-3,17) y con sospecha de uso de alcohol en el momento de la agresión (IC95 %: 1,05-1,08). Con relación al evento, se observa una frecuencia 1,28 veces mayor en la vía pública. Conclusión Factores sociodemográficos, de comportamiento y experiencias personales de violencia influyen para que suceda este fenómeno
Abstract Objective To analyze the reported cases of interpersonal violence against women in the state of Espírito Santo. Methods This is an analytical, cross-sectional study, which analyzed the reported cases of violence against women from 2011 to 2018 in Espírito Santo. The data that were analyzed in this study are the result of the Reporting Forms/Investigation of Interpersonal and Self-inflicted Violence from the Reporting Diseases Information System (SINAN). Statistical analyzes were performed using the chi-square test and Poisson regression, using Stata 14.1, with p-values lower than 0.05 being considered significant. Results Interpersonal violence reporting in females represented a frequency of 74.9% (n=20,449; 95%CI: 74.4-75.4). It was observed that children and older adults had a 35% higher prevalence of this condition compared to adolescents. There is a higher frequency of this phenomenon among black/brown people (PR: 1.07; 95%CI: 1.05-1.08) compared to white people. As for aggressor characteristics, there is a higher prevalence in the age group of 25 years and older (PR: 1.09; 95%CI: 1.06-1.11), male (PR: 3.02; 95%CI: 2.88-3.17) and under suspicion of alcohol consumption at the time of aggression (95%CI: 1.05-1.08). Regarding the event, there is a frequency 1.28 times higher on public thoroughfare. Conclusion Sociodemographic, behavioral factors and personal experiences of violence influence its occurrence.